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Citing Sources in Chemistry
Introduction
What
are citations?
Why
are citations used?
What
is plagiarism?
Where
do citations go in a paper?
Parenthetical
Citations
Reference
Lists
Basic
Citation Elements
Citing
a Journal Article | Book
| Book
Chapter | Web Site
Important
Things to Note about Citations
Introduction
The use of proper and complete
citations is required for Chemistry projects. The standard
citation style for chemists is the same style used by the American
Chemical Society. The ACS Style Guide: A Maunual for Authors
and Editors, 2nd ed., published by the American Chemical Society,
fully describes how to prepare citations and reference lists.
Examples and references for citations to typical works are given
in this guide.
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Available at:
Science
Reference
QD 8.5 .A25 1997
See Chapter 6:
References
pp. 176 - 279
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Citations and references
for Chemistry projects should be given as if they are intended
for publication in an ACS journal, such as The Journal of American
Chemical Society.
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What are citations?
Scholarship builds on the work
of others. Citations give credit where credit is due. Citations,
whether in-line in the text of a work or found in a reference
list or bibliography, note the source of the work, words, ideas,
or facts that you use in your writing or presentation.
Why are citations used?
To give credit to
the work of others
To add authority
and credibility to your claims
To be honest about
the extent of your original contribution
To avoid plagiarism
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What is plagiarism?
Plagiarism is when you use someone
else’s ideas, work, or words as if they were your own. Plagiarism
occurs anytime you do not give credit where credit is due.
Plagiarism is an ethical and legal issue. Ohio Wesleyan University
addresses plagiarism in the Academic
Honesty Policy.
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Where do citations go in a paper?
Citations are made in the body of the text (parenthetical
citation) and grouped together at the end of a work (reference
list). back
Parenthetical citations, or in-line citations
are made in the text at the point where the material is used.
Journal articles in analytical chemistry use a superscript number
at the point cited.
Example:
The reaction was carried
out using a standard Lever apparatus 5 with modifcations
as described by Grunkemeyer et al. 6-7
Numerical reference citations are numbered consecutively from the
beginning of a paper. When, occasionally, a reference is repeated
in the text, the original number is used, a new number is not given.
Use last names to identify
authors in parenthetical citations. If a work has two authors,
use both last names linked together with the word "and".
If a referenced work
has more than two authors, use only the first author followed
by the phrase "et al.:
Examples:
Fike and Lance 12
determined that....
Vogt et al. 24
found ....
Sometimes the same first author publishes different papers on similar
topics with different co-authors. To reference multiple works
by the same principle author use a phrase such as "and colleagues"
or "and co-workers".
Example:
Brugh and co-workers
17, 23-25 established ....
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A References List is given
at the conclusion of a work. This list contains only the
sources actually referenced or cited in the work. If a source
is consulted but not used or cited in a work, it is not listed
in the References Cited section.
Basic Citation Elements
|
Journals
|
Books
|
| author names |
author names |
| article title
(if used) |
editor name (if
any) |
| abbreviated journal
title |
book title |
| year of publication |
publisher |
| volume number
(if any) |
city of publication |
| pagination of
cited article |
year of publication |
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The Reference List is numbered, in order, with reference
numbers corrosponding to their appearance in the text. Some
journals use a very brief format for the reference list where
the title of journal articles or chapters in edited volumes are
omitted. For most Chemistry assignments, please include
the title of all articles, books, and chapters in edited volumes.
Use the following examples as a guide:
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Journal Article
Citation Diagram
Author 1; Author 2; Author 3. Title of Article.
Journal Abbreviation Year,
Volume,
Inclusive Pagination.
Ehara, Y.; Sakamoto, K.; Marumo, Y. A method
for forensic identification
of
vegetable oil stains: Rapid analysis of carboxylic acids with
with
methyl
esterfication using purge-and-trap gas chromatography/mass
spectrometry.
J. Foren. Sci. 2001, 46, 1462-1469.
Book Citation Diagram
Author 1; Author 2; etc. Book Title; Publisher:
Place of Publication, Year;
Inclusive
Pagination.
Dodd, J.S.
The ACS Style Guide, 2nd. ed.; ACS: Washington, D.C., 1997,
173-229.
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Edited Volume Citation Diagram
Author 1; Author 2; etc.
Chapter Title. In Book Title; Editor 1,
Editor
2, etc., Eds.; Series Information (if any);Publisher: Place
of
Publication, Year; Inclusive Pagination.
Paulsen, H.;
Trautwein, A.X. Density Functional Theory Calculations for Spin
Crossover
Complexes. In Spin Crossover in Transition
Metal
Compounds III; Gutlich, P. Goodwin, H.A., Eds,; Topics in
Current
Chemistry
Series 235; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 2004; 197-220
Web Site Citation Diagram
Author (if any).
Title of Site. URL (accessed date),
NIST Chemistry
WebBook. http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/ (April 2005).
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Important Things to Note about
Citations
journal titles are
usually capitilized sentence-style
book titles are usually
capitalized book-title style
journal names are
always abbreviated
authors are generally
identified by last name and first initials
pay attention to
punctuation placement - periods, commas, semi-colons
pay attention to
italics and bolding
reference lists usually
have the second line of entry indented, though this can vary
with publication
URLs can be cumbersome,
it is not necessary to indent the second line of these entries
Article titles are
often omitted from reference list entries - this varies by publication
the rule of thumb
is to give only enough information that the reference may be
easily located - and to be consistent in style.
The ACS Style Guide is
an excellent resource - use it!
Dodd, J.S. Ed.
The ACS Style Guide, 2nd. ed.; ACS: Washington, D.C., 1997.
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This page
was prepared by
Deborah Carter
Peoples
Ohio Wesleyan University
Libraries
Last updated May 25,
2005
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