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GEOLOGY 310 Igneous & Metamorphic Petrology
Citing Sources
Introduction
What are citations?
Why are citations used?
What is plagiarism?
Where do citations go in a paper?
Citation Examples for Print Resources
How do I cite a source from the Web?
Resources for Citations
Resources Consulted
Introduction
The use of proper and complete citations is required for the Geology 310 Term Project. The citation style for this course is the same style used by the Geological Society of America in its publications Geology and GSA Bulletin. In its Instructions to Authors, the Society specifies the style described by The Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition. Examples and references for citations to typical works are given in this guide.
What are citations?
Scholarship builds on the work of others. Citations give credit where credit is due. Citations, whether in-line in the text of a work or found in a reference list or bibliography, note the source of the work, words, ideas, or facts that you use in your writing or presentation.
Why are citations used?
- To give credit to the work of others
- To add authority and credibility to your claims
- To be honest about the extent of your original contribution
- To avoid plagiarism
What is plagiarism?
Plagiarism is when you use someone else’s ideas, work, or words as if they were your own. Plagiarism occurs anytime you do not give credit where credit is due. Plagiarism is an ethical and legal issue. Ohio Wesleyan University addresses plagiarism in the Academic Honesty Policy.
Where do citations go in a paper?
Citations are made in the body of the text (parenthetical citation) and grouped together at the end of a work (reference list).
Parenthetical citations, or in-line citations are made in the text at the point where the material is used. The author's last name and the year of publication are given in parentheses (Peoples, 2002).
A References Cited, or referemce list is given at the conclusion of a work. This list contains only the sources actually referenced or cited in the work. If a source is consulted but not used or cited in a work, it is not listed in the References Cited section.
"All references mentioned in the text, figures, captions, tables, and appendixes must be listed in the References Cited section. Only references cited in the paper are to be listed. At the end of the text, list references alphabetically by author's surname. For references with two authors, list alphabetically by first author and then alphabetically by second author. For references with more than two authors, list alphabetically by first author and then chronologically, earliest year first. Do not abbreviate journal titles or book publishers in references. Include the city of publication for books. For references that do match any given examples, include all information that would help a reader locate a reference."
(GSA, 2002) back
Citation Examples for Print Resources
Citing an Abstract
Citing a Journal Article or Article in a Serial Publication
Citing a Paper in an edited volume
Citing a Book
Citing a Guidebook
Citing an Open-File Report
Citing a Paper from Symposium or Conference Proceedings
Citing a Map
How do I cite a source from the Web?
There is a lot of variability in how web pages are cited. The citation styles mentioned above have not yet settled on a standard method for citing a web page. However, there are discrete elements which academic librarians agree should be included in any citation from the web. These include:
- Authorship The individual or organization responsible.
- It is a bad sign if you cannot identify the responsible party for information found on the internet!
- Title of Page (or page heading), in quotation marks
- Date of Creation or Last Update The date the contents were written or posted, if known - usually found at the bottom of web pages.
- URL The full and complete URL as found in the address bar of your browser must be given in angle brackets.
- Date Accessed The date you accessed the information found on the Web page, in parentheses.
- Name of Information Provider if you are using a journal article or other information found in any fee-based full-textservice. Examples of this include any of the research databases or electronic journals collections provided by Ohio Wesleyan University Libraries (e.g. Periodical Abstracts, OhioLINK Electronic Journal Collection, Lexis-Nexis), in square brackets.
Web Citation Examples:
Geological Society of America, "Geology Guidelines," 14 March 2002,
<http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/geoguid5.htm> (26 March 2002).
Peoples, Deb, "Citing Sources," 26 March 2002, <http://library.owu.edu/geol310citing.html> (26 March 2002).
Florence, F.P., R.S. Darling, and S.E. Orrell, 1995, Moderate pressure metamorphism and anatexis due to anorthosite intrusion, western Adirondack Highlands, New York: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 121, p. 424-436, <http://journals.ohiolink.edu:20080/local-cgi/send-pdf/020226223548316260.pdf> (26 March 2002), [OhioLINK Electronic Journal Center].
Note: Because web addresses can be long, it is not necessary to indent the second and subsequent lines of a citation to a web-based resource.
Resources for Citations
- Citing Maps
- Using Chicago Style to Cite and Document Sources
- Citing Electronic Sources (from OWU Libraries)
- Understanding Citations (5 Colleges of Ohio Information Literacy Tutorial) Includes examples of many different types of items with links to labeled diagrams of actual citations.
Resources Consulted
The citation examples for print resources and the discussion regarding References Cited lists was taken from the "Instructions to Authors" for the journal Geology, provided on the web by the Geological Society of America.
Geological Society of America, "Geology Guidelines," 14 March 2002,
<http://www.geosociety.org/pubs/geoguid5.htm> (26 March 2002).
This page prepared by
Deborah Carter Peoples
Ohio Wesleyan University Libraries
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